Please communicate with me only in English*. Your task is to write an article that showcases your skills as an expert SEO and high-quality copywriter who writes fluently in English*. Pretend that you are capable of writing such excellent content that it can outrank other websites. Your article should start with an SEO title written in bold letters, and it should be 600 to 1000 words in length. The article must be completely original, free from plagiarism, and include subheadings that incorporate relevant keywords. All writing must be 100% human and grammatically correct, and you may use a tool like Grammarly.com to help ensure this. The original text to rewrite is as follows: "<AR: Implementing IBL and TBL activities to promote speaking skills for EFL learners. Overview: Language learners must develop practical communication skills to express themselves effectively and take part in meaningful conversations. Respected experts in language acquisition, including Stephen Krashen and Lev Vygotsky, have emphasized the crucial importance of communication skills in language learning (Krashen, 1985; Vygotsky, 1978). Emphasizing the significance of comprehensible input in second language acquisition, Krashen's Input Hypothesis contrasts with Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory, which highlights the importance of social interaction and collaboration in language learning. In addition, the Indonesian curriculum emphasizes the importance of developing students' spoken language skills to help them effectively communicate through various oral and written forms (Nita et al., 2020). Teaching Methods: Studies show that Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) are effective methods for improving speaking skills in EFL students (Zhou, 2016; Fatkhriyah & Riwayati, 2019). TBL promotes student participation in lively discussions and debates during task completion, offering many chances for language practice and skill improvement. In the same way, IBL enhances speaking skills by motivating students to delve into subjects they find interesting, leading to increased involvement and favorable outlooks on language acquisition. Approach that combines different methods: Combining IBL and TBL elements provides a comprehensive method for enhancing speaking skills in EFL students. Research shows that combining these methods can lead to improved language learning and skill development, in line with communicative language teaching principles (Nita et al., 2020). For successful implementation, it's crucial to carefully consider learner characteristics, instructional context, and effective pedagogical strategies. Exploring Action Research: Exploring the effectiveness of combining TBL and IBL activities to enhance speaking skills in EFL students is the focus of this action research. Building upon proved theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, the study aims to improve language teaching practices and boost learning outcomes. A group of EFL learners will take part in a set of TBL and IBL activities designed to improve their speaking skills. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study will combine qualitative and quantitative data collection methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of the intervention's impact. Implementing Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) Activities to Promote Speaking for EFL Learners in Grade 6 Students within the Omani Field: The implementation of TBL and IBL in the Omani EFL classroom, especially for Grade 6 students, offers several advantages. Firstly, it aligns with the developmental characteristics and interests of young learners, who are naturally curious and eager to engage in tasks that they find meaningful. Secondly, it addresses the communicative needs of EFL learners by providing authentic contexts for language use, thereby promoting fluency and confidence in speaking English (Kumar, 2019). In conclusion: In the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education, particularly among Grade 6 students in Oman, the integration of Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) presents a transformative approach to enhance speaking skills. This integration focuses on real-world tasks and inquiries as the core of the learning process, encouraging students to engage actively and use language as a tool for learning and communication (Smith & Johnson, 2021). 2- Methodology Research Design: Exploring the effects of combining Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) and Task-Based Learning (TBL) methods on students' oral communication skills in classroom discussions. This study offers valuable insights into the advantages of these methods in enhancing students' communication skills and sets the stage for future investigations in this field. I am focused on addressing the following questions: How can (IBL) and (TBL) activities enhance language proficiency for sixth-grade students? What issues cause sixth-grade students to use their native language during group activities? What leads sixth-grade students to use their first language during collaborative activities? How can I effectively incorporate IBL and TBL activities to promote the use of L1 among grade 6 students? Which inquiry-based learning (IBL) and team-based learning (TBL) activities are most successful in helping students utilize their second language (L2)? 3-Action plan: After exploring the concepts of Action Research during my EEP modules, I felt compelled to tackle a specific issue in my teaching practice. Delving into (IBL) and (TBL) in Module 3 shed light on possible solutions to this issue. Yet, I encountered a dilemma when choosing which approach to follow. In the end, I combined aspects of both approaches and aimed to apply them in my classroom to tackle the issue of improving speaking abilities in EFL students. Exploring the effectiveness and impact of this blended approach on student learning outcomes through action research. 3-1 participants: The research conducted on sixth-grade students from Multaqa Maarif School, located in the Located in the Samail district of the Dhakilya region. To ensure the reliability of the results, two out of the four Classes under my guidance were chosen at random to take part. 68 students, the students in the experimental group are exposed to a curriculum integrating TBL and IBL activities, while the control group follows a traditional EFL curriculum. Consent forms were obtained from the PPP method with little CLT before the study began. 3-3 Gathering Data: Quantitative data gathering established before the implementation to investigate the root of the issue are analyzed using statistical methods to compare the speaking proficiency improvements between the control and experimental groups. The analysis includes chi-tests to determine the significance of differences observed. Qualitative data from questionnaires and interviews are analyzed using thematic analysis to identify common themes related to the effectiveness, challenges, and overall perception of the TBL and IBL approach in the EFL classroom 3-3-1 First Questionnaire: (answer question 1 and 2 of my research): The initial questionnaire was designed to uncover students' linguistic practices, particularly thier Preference for incorporating Arabic into English class, particularly in group settings. Using a Using a Likert scale with statements that cover teacher practices, psychological factors, and social aspects exploring the various factors that influence students' language development was m made possible. Options provided in Appendix 1. Utilizing Google Forms for questionnaire Distribution through WhatsApp facilitated effective data collection, leading to an impressive response rate of 44. Nevertheless, dealing with response rates and understanding specific responses can be challenging. Teacher Strategies: • Some participants indicated that their teachers' tactics during group work do not effectively foster English language use. This is seen in statements like "My instructor never pushes me to speak English during group work" (average rating: 2.16) and "The strategies my teacher uses do not boost my English language" (average rating: 2.32). These states highlight the possible influence of different strategies for practices on students' language learning processes. •Teachers should be conscious of their dealings with learners and view professional development and updating their practices though critical reflection (journaling) and continuous investigation to meet students’ needs. lack of confidence: . Many respondents expressed discomfort or lack confidence when speaking English during group work. This is evident from the average ratings for statements such as "I feel unconfident when speaking in English during group work" (2.66) and "I face challenges when speaking in English during group work" (2.82). These responses suggest a common issue among students regarding their English language proficiency and confidence levels. The survey results presented by Suban (2021) suggest that many students experience discomfort or lack of confidence when speaking English during group work. Peer Influence and Cultural Factors peer dynamics and cultural norms may play a significant role in shaping students' language choices. Several students have reported the influence of their peers and the prevalence of Arabic language use within the group, which affects their language choices (average rating: 2.61-2.75). To address this issue, integrating IBL with TPS provides students with opportunities for inquiry-based exploration and collaborative learning in English. Structured IBL activities integrated with TPS enable students to engage in small-group discussions, problem-solving activities, and information sharing in English, facilitating meaningful English language use. Self-Perception and Confidence: Respondents also indicated concerns about their language proficiency and how others perceive them. Statements like "I feel embarrassed when I receive feedback from my teacher when I speak English during group work" (average rating: 2.32) and "My classmates think that I try to show off when I speak English, so I use Arabic instead" (average rating: 2.41) reflect students' self-consciousness and fear of negative judgment. students with a holistic language acquisition and proficiency approach. Teachers can guide students through structured inquiry processes, scaffold language learning experiences, and provide feedback and support, enhancing students' confidence and proficiency in speaking English during group work. Language Exposure and Habit Formation Many respondents mentioned habit formation and familiarity with Arabic language use as factors influencing their language choices. Statements such as "I used the Arabic language during group work all the time when I was in cycle 1, I got used to it" (average rating: 2.73) and "Everything in the class reminds me of my Arabic language, so I shift directly" (average rating: 2.41) highlight the role of language exposure and environmental cues in shaping language behavior. This passage will explore the integration of clear expectations, equitable participation, adequate language support, defined roles, and feedback within a group work setting, supported by relevant studies. The focus will be on fostering a supportive environment conducive to language learning, addressing peer dynamics, cultural norms, social pressures, and promoting active engagement and experimentation in English. Reflective Critical based on the finding: The dynamics of English language acquisition within collaborative learning environments present unique challenges and opportunities for educators and learners alike. Research by Kalbani, Solabarrieta, and Touq (2018) on Omani students' perceptions of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach underscores the importance of clear expectations and objectives in group activities. This study highlights how students' engagement and language use can be significantly enhanced when they understand the purpose and goals of their tasks. Building on this foundation, it is crucial to address the issues of unequal participation opportunities within group work. Al Sawafi, Al Humaidi, and Al Mekhlafi (2019) point out that equitable participation can be fostered through structured protocols like think-pair-share, ensuring that all students have the chance to contribute, thereby democratizing the learning space. Moreover, the role of adequate language support cannot be overstated. The inquiry-based learning study by an unnamed researcher in 2023 emphasizes that providing scaffolding, such as vocabulary lists and sentence starters, equips students to overcome barriers to effective communication. This is particularly relevant in contexts where students' language proficiency varies widely, as it enables all learners to participate meaningfully in group discussions. The clarity of group roles and responsibilities also plays a pivotal role in facilitating effective group work. Assigning specific roles based on students' strengths and interests encourages active participation and ensures that each member contributes to the group's success. This strategy not only enhances language practice but also builds students' confidence and sense of belonging within the group. Feedback and reflection constitute another critical aspect of the learning process. Zhang and Goh's (2023) investigation into task-based learning in a blended English learning environment demonstrates how student engagement is influenced by the group size and the opportunities for feedback. Incorporating regular feedback loops and reflective practices enables students to introspect on their language use, communication strategies, and collaborative skills, fostering a culture of continuous improvement and growth. The effective implementation of these strategies necessitates a supportive learning environment underscored by strong teacher-student rapport, positive reinforcement, and clear communication. Studies underscore the importance of creating a classroom atmosphere where students feel valued, respected, and motivated to engage in English language activities (Kalbani et al., 2018; Al Sawafi et al., 2019). Furthermore, addressing peer dynamics, cultural norms, and social pressures by promoting inclusive interactions and celebrating linguistic diversity enriches the language learning experience, making it more engaging and meaningful for students. In conclusion, creating an engaging and supportive EFL learning environment requires a holistic approach that combines clear objectives, equitable participation, comprehensive language support, well-defined roles, and reflective feedback mechanisms. By fostering a classroom culture that values positive relationships, inclusivity, and open communication, educators can significantly enhance students' English language proficiency, confidence, and willingness to participate in group work, paving the way for a more enriching and effective language learning experience. This integrated approach not only addresses the immediate challenges of language acquisition but also prepares students for a future where they can confidently use English in diverse social and academic contexts 3-3-2 Recommendations Based on the initial analysis of the questionnaire, students tend to switch to Arabic during group work due to a lack of confidence and support in using English. To address this issue, teachers may consider implementing strategies that actively promote English language use, provide scaffolding and support for students, and create a classroom culture that values linguistic diversity and encourages risk-taking. Additionally, interventions targeting peer interactions and cultural perceptions could help create a more inclusive and supportive language learning environment. By implementing IBL and TBL activities, students may be able to improve their speaking skills and gain confidence in using English. 3-3-3Critical analysis of the findings: Answering question number2 (how i can utilizing IBL and TBL to promote speaking skills for grade 6? IBL and TBL activities were not randomly selected: Based on studies, published between 2018 and 2024, reflect the latest research efforts in EFL education. They focus on speaking skills, task-based learning, and inquiry-based learning methodologies. They provide a mix of theoretical insights, practical applications, and explorations of challenges educators and learners face, which could significantly contribute to the research on promoting speaking skills among EFL learners in the Omani context or similar settings. Efficacy of Task-Based and Inquiry-Based Methodologies: Studies demonstrating the potential of TBL and IBL in fostering engagement, critical thinking, and learner autonomy suggest that well-designed tasks and inquiries are key to enhancing speaking proficiency (Shehata, 2023). However, the success of these methodologies' hinges on their relevance to the students’ cultural context and communication needs, pointing to the importance of localized curriculum development (Zhang & Goh, 2023). Reflecting critically on the selected studies and linking their insights to the research on implementing Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) to enhance speaking skills among EFL learners, especially within the Omani context, reveals several key themes and considerations: Integration of Communicative Approaches: The positive reception of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) methodologies among Omani students and teachers underscores the shift towards prioritizing communication in language learning, a fundamental aspect of your research focus (Kalbani, Solabarrieta, & Touq, 2018). This approach aligns with the aim to enhance speaking skills through TBL and IBL, though it also highlights the necessity for adaptable strategies to overcome resource limitations and proficiency variances (Sawafi, Humaidi, & Mekhlafi, 2019). Challenges in Implementation: The implementation of TBL and IBL methodologies faces obstacles such as large class sizes, technological barriers, and varying teacher readiness, necessitating innovative solutions and teacher training for effective adoption (شمس محمد عبدالله, 2022). The pandemic-induced shift towards online and blended learning further emphasizes the role of digital literacy in language education (Naqvi & Zehra, 2021). Student Engagement and Group Dynamics: The impact of student group sizes on engagement in TBL activities within blended learning environments highlights the need to consider social dynamics and learner differences in designing speaking activities (Zhang & Goh, 2023). Optimizing group composition may enhance interaction and feedback quality, essential for speaking skill development. Reflection and Adaptation: The collective insights from these studies advocate for continuous reflection and adaptation in the TBL and IBL implementation process. Regularly assessing student progress and adapting methodologies based on feedback and changing needs are crucial for the effective enhancement of speaking skills (Radwan, 2023). 3-3-4 Conclusion: The integration of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) and Task-Based Learning (TBL) methodologies in Omani English teaching practices marks a significant evolution towards fostering a more interactive, engaging, and student-centered learning environment. The shift towards these pedagogical approaches reflects a nuanced understanding of the benefits of active learning strategies in enhancing language proficiency among students. Omani English teachers, by adopting IBL and TBL, are pivoting away from traditional lecture-based instruction to a model that encourages exploration, critical thinking, and practical application of language skills. Inquiry-Based Learning in the Omani context empowers students to take the lead in their learning journey. Teachers act as facilitators, guiding students through questions and encouraging exploration that extends beyond the confines of textbooks (Al-Khamisi & Sinha, 2022). This method aligns with the natural curiosity of learners, fostering a sense of ownership over their learning process. Through IBL, English teachers in Oman can cultivate a classroom atmosphere where students feel motivated to investigate and discuss various linguistic and cultural aspects related to the English language. The critical reflection on studies like those conducted by Zhang and Goh (2023) highlights the importance of aligning tasks with students' interests and capabilities, thus enhancing engagement and the effectiveness of the learning process. Task-Based Learning emphasizes the completion of meaningful tasks that simulate real-life language use. This approach, as demonstrated in various educational settings in Oman, shifts the focus from form to function, allowing students to apply language in practical contexts (Zhang & Goh, 2023). TBL facilitates the acquisition of language through interaction, negotiation of meaning, and completion of tasks, thereby mirroring the natural language learning process. The adaptability of tasks, as mentioned in the literature, suggests that TBL can be tailored to cater to the diverse needs and proficiency levels of students, ensuring inclusivity and differentiation in teaching practices. The effectiveness of these methodologies in the Omani EFL context is contingent upon several factors, including class size, the richness and timeliness of tasks, and the level of teacher facilitation. Studies have underscored the significance of smaller class sizes in enhancing the efficacy of TBL and IBL, as they allow for more personalized feedback and greater opportunities for student participation (Zhang & Goh, 2023). Moreover, the design and implementation of tasks play a critical role in stimulating students' interest and engagement. Tasks that are rich in content, timely, and accurately reflect the learning objectives can significantly impact students' motivation and the overall learning outcome. In conclusion, the utilization of IBL and TBL by Omani English teachers signifies a progressive step towards enriching the language learning experience. By fostering an environment that values inquiry, exploration, and practical application, these methodologies contribute to the development of communicative competence and critical thinking skills among learners. However, the successful integration of IBL and TBL requires mindful consideration of classroom dynamics, task design, and the pedagogical readiness of teachers to adapt to the demands of these learner-centered approaches. With the insights gained from integrating Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) and Task-Based Learning (TBL) in Omani EFL teaching practices, and considering the critical factors for their successful implementation, your next steps could involve a few strategic actions: Evaluate and Reflect: Reflect on your current teaching practices to identify areas where IBL and TBL methodologies can be more effectively integrated. Consider how well your teaching aligns with the principles of these approaches and where adjustments can be made to improve student engagement and learning outcomes.( APPENDIX 3) Professional Development: Engage in professional development opportunities that focus on IBL and TBL methodologies. This could include workshops, online courses, or collaborative study groups with colleagues. The aim is to deepen your understanding of these approaches and learn from the experiences of other educators.(APPENDIX 4) Curriculum Design: Based on your reflections and new learnings, start revising your curriculum or lesson plans to incorporate IBL and TBL more effectively. This might involve designing new tasks, creating more opportunities for inquiry, and ensuring that activities are aligned with students' interests and language proficiency levels. Pilot and Implement Changes: Implement the revised curriculum or lesson plans in your classroom. Start with a few lessons or a unit where you feel IBL and TBL can make a significant impact. Monitor the implementation closely to identify what works well and where further adjustments are needed.(APPENDIX 4) Gather Feedback: Collect feedback from your students on their learning experiences with the revised approach. This can provide valuable insights into their engagement, challenges they faced, and suggestions for improvement.(APPENDIX 5) Assessment and Adaptation: Assess the impact of integrating IBL and TBL on student learning outcomes. Use both formative and summative assessment methods to gauge students' progress. Based on the assessment results and feedback, make necessary adaptations to your teaching practices. 3-3-2 Second-Draft Questionnaire: Share and Collaborate: Share your experiences, challenges, and successes with colleagues. Collaboration can lead to shared learning and innovation in teaching practices. Consider presenting your findings at teacher meetings, conferences, or through publications to contribute to the broader educational community. Continuous Improvement: View the integration of IBL and TBL as an ongoing journey of improvement. Stay open to new ideas, continue seeking professional development opportunities, and remain responsive to the evolving needs of your students. By following these steps, you can systematically enhance your teaching practices, making your English language teaching more interactive, engaging, and effective for your students. References: Baiju, R. S. (2010). Vygotsky's sociocultural theory and language learning. Journal of Social Sciences, 23(3), 187-193. Fatkhriyah, E., & Riwayati, E. (2019). The Effectiveness of Inquiry-Based Learning in Improving Students’ Speaking Skill. Journal of English Language and Education, 5(2), 101-115. Nekoueizadeh, M. (2014). A review of Krashen's input hypothesis and the related studies. International Journal of Language Learning and Applied Linguistics World, 5(3), 28-35. Nita, T., Rozimela, Y., & Ratmanida, M. (2020). The Implementation of Pedagogical Approaches in Developing Speaking Skill for EFL Students. Journal of English Language and Education, 6(1), 1-14. Zhou, H. (2016). Task-based language teaching and English-speaking proficiency. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 6(2), 226-230. Kalbani, M.S., Solabarrieta, J., & Touq, A.B. (2018). Omani Students’ Perceptive of Communicative Language Teaching Approach in Higher Education in Oman: Its Practice. Proceedings. Al-Marsafy, D.A., Lotfy, D.N., & Abd.El-wahab Mehrez, Y.S. (2023). Utilizing Inquiry-based Learning to enhance Faculty of Specific Education Prospective Teachers’ Speaking Fluency. مجلة دراسات وبحوث التربية النوعية. Sawafi, A.A., Humaidi, S.A., & Mekhlafi, A.M. (2019). EFL Teachers’ Awareness, Practices and Challenges of Teaching English Communicatively in Oman Post Basic Education Schools. Studies in English Language Teaching. Shehata, M.G. (2023). Developing IT Students' EFL Functional Writing and Attitude Through Task-Based Learning. Sohag University International Journal of Educational Research. Zhang, S., & Goh, Y.S. (2023). Student Number Size as Moderator in Affecting the Four Factors of Students’ Perceived Engagement in Task-based Learning under Blended English Learning Environment. International Journal of Education & Technology. Doe, J. (2020). The effectiveness of task-based learning on language proficiency in EFL contexts. Journal of Language Teaching. Adams, R., & Wilson, H. (2022). Inquiry-based learning in language education: Fostering critical thinking and engagement. Educational Researcher. Kumar, S. (2019). Promoting speaking skills in EFL classrooms: The role of task-based and inquiry-based learning approaches. Language Learning Journal. 1-Al-Khamisi, K. M., & Sinha, Y. K. (2022). Communicative Lan guage Teaching Methodologies in Omani EFL Context. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 12, 481-503. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojml.2022.124035 Lee, M. (2021). Implementing TBL and IBL in the EFL classroom: Strategies and outcomes. Teaching English as a Second Language Quarterly. Smith, L., & Johnson, M. (2021). A comparative study of task-based vs. traditional teaching methods in an EFL setting. International Journal of Language Education AR: Implementing IBL and TBL activities to promote speaking skills for EFL learners. Overview: Language learners must develop practical communication skills to express themselves effectively and take part in meaningful conversations. Respected experts in language acquisition, including Stephen Krashen and Lev Vygotsky, have emphasized the crucial importance of communication skills in language learning (Krashen, 1985; Vygotsky, 1978). Emphasizing the significance of comprehensible input in second language acquisition, Krashen's Input Hypothesis contrasts with Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory, which highlights the importance of social interaction and collaboration in language learning. In addition, the Indonesian curriculum emphasizes the importance of developing students' spoken language skills to help them effectively communicate through various oral and written forms (Nita et al., 2020). Teaching Methods: Studies show that Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) are effective methods for improving speaking skills in EFL students (Zhou, 2016; Fatkhriyah & Riwayati, 2019). TBL promotes student participation in lively discussions and debates during task completion, offering many chances for language practice and skill improvement. In the same way, IBL enhances speaking skills by motivating students to delve into subjects they find interesting, leading to increased involvement and favorable outlooks on language acquisition. Approach that combines different methods: Combining IBL and TBL elements provides a comprehensive method for enhancing speaking skills in EFL students. Research shows that combining these methods can lead to improved language learning and skill development, in line with communicative language teaching principles (Nita et al., 2020). For successful implementation, it's crucial to carefully consider learner characteristics, instructional context, and effective pedagogical strategies. Exploring Action Research: Exploring the effectiveness of combining TBL and IBL activities to enhance speaking skills in EFL students is the focus of this action research. Building upon proved theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, the study aims to improve language teaching practices and boost learning outcomes. A group of EFL learners will take part in a set of TBL and IBL activities designed to improve their speaking skills. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study will combine qualitative and quantitative data collection methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of the intervention's impact. Implementing Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) Activities to Promote Speaking for EFL Learners in Grade 6 Students within the Omani Field: The implementation of TBL and IBL in the Omani EFL classroom, especially for Grade 6 students, offers several advantages. Firstly, it aligns with the developmental characteristics and interests of young learners, who are naturally curious and eager to engage in tasks that they find meaningful. Secondly, it addresses the communicative needs of EFL learners by providing authentic contexts for language use, thereby promoting fluency and confidence in speaking English (Kumar, 2019). In conclusion: In the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education, particularly among Grade 6 students in Oman, the integration of Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) presents a transformative approach to enhance speaking skills. This integration focuses on real-world tasks and inquiries as the core of the learning process, encouraging students to engage actively and use language as a tool for learning and communication (Smith & Johnson, 2021). 2- Methodology Research Design: Exploring the effects of combining Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) and Task-Based Learning (TBL) methods on students' oral communication skills in classroom discussions. This study offers valuable insights into the advantages of these methods in enhancing students' communication skills and sets the stage for future investigations in this field. I am focused on addressing the following questions: How can (IBL) and (TBL) activities enhance language proficiency for sixth-grade students? What issues cause sixth-grade students to use their native language during group activities? What leads sixth-grade students to use their first language during collaborative activities? How can I effectively incorporate IBL and TBL activities to promote the use of L1 among grade 6 students? Which inquiry-based learning (IBL) and team-based learning (TBL) activities are most successful in helping students utilize their second language (L2)? 3-Action plan: After exploring the concepts of Action Research during my EEP modules, I felt compelled to tackle a specific issue in my teaching practice. Delving into (IBL) and (TBL) in Module 3 shed light on possible solutions to this issue. Yet, I encountered a dilemma when choosing which approach to follow. In the end, I combined aspects of both approaches and aimed to apply them in my classroom to tackle the issue of improving speaking abilities in EFL students. Exploring the effectiveness and impact of this blended approach on student learning outcomes through action research. 3-1 participants: The research conducted on sixth-grade students from Multaqa Maarif School, located in the Located in the Samail district of the Dhakilya region. To ensure the reliability of the results, two out of the four Classes under my guidance were chosen at random to take part. 68 students, the students in the experimental group are exposed to a curriculum integrating TBL and IBL activities, while the control group follows a traditional EFL curriculum. Consent forms were obtained from the PPP method with little CLT before the study began. 3-3 Gathering Data: Quantitative data gathering established before the implementation to investigate the root of the issue are analyzed using statistical methods to compare the speaking proficiency improvements between the control and experimental groups. The analysis includes chi-tests to determine the significance of differences observed. Qualitative data from questionnaires and interviews are analyzed using thematic analysis to identify common themes related to the effectiveness, challenges, and overall perception of the TBL and IBL approach in the EFL classroom 3-3-1 First Questionnaire: (answer question 1 and 2 of my research): The initial questionnaire was designed to uncover students' linguistic practices, particularly thier Preference for incorporating Arabic into English class, particularly in group settings. Using a Using a Likert scale with statements that cover teacher practices, psychological factors, and social aspects exploring the various factors that influence students' language development was m made possible. Options provided in Appendix 1. Utilizing Google Forms for questionnaire Distribution through WhatsApp facilitated effective data collection, leading to an impressive response rate of 44. Nevertheless, dealing with response rates and understanding specific responses can be challenging. Teacher Strategies: • Some participants indicated that their teachers' tactics during group work do not effectively foster English language use. This is seen in statements like "My instructor never pushes me to speak English during group work" (average rating: 2.16) and "The strategies my teacher uses do not boost my English language" (average rating: 2.32). These states highlight the possible influence of different strategies for practices on students' language learning processes. •Teachers should be conscious of their dealings with learners and view professional development and updating their practices though critical reflection (journaling) and continuous investigation to meet students’ needs. lack of confidence: . Many respondents expressed discomfort or lack confidence when speaking English during group work. This is evident from the average ratings for statements such as "I feel unconfident when speaking in English during group work" (2.66) and "I face challenges when speaking in English during group work" (2.82). These responses suggest a common issue among students regarding their English language proficiency and confidence levels. The survey results presented by Suban (2021) suggest that many students experience discomfort or lack of confidence when speaking English during group work. Peer Influence and Cultural Factors peer dynamics and cultural norms may play a significant role in shaping students' language choices. Several students have reported the influence of their peers and the prevalence of Arabic language use within the group, which affects their language choices (average rating: 2.61-2.75). To address this issue, integrating IBL with TPS provides students with opportunities for inquiry-based exploration and collaborative learning in English. Structured IBL activities integrated with TPS enable students to engage in small-group discussions, problem-solving activities, and information sharing in English, facilitating meaningful English language use. Self-Perception and Confidence: Respondents also indicated concerns about their language proficiency and how others perceive them. Statements like "I feel embarrassed when I receive feedback from my teacher when I speak English during group work" (average rating: 2.32) and "My classmates think that I try to show off when I speak English, so I use Arabic instead" (average rating: 2.41) reflect students' self-consciousness and fear of negative judgment. students with a holistic language acquisition and proficiency approach. Teachers can guide students through structured inquiry processes, scaffold language learning experiences, and provide feedback and support, enhancing students' confidence and proficiency in speaking English during group work. Language Exposure and Habit Formation Many respondents mentioned habit formation and familiarity with Arabic language use as factors influencing their language choices. Statements such as "I used the Arabic language during group work all the time when I was in cycle 1, I got used to it" (average rating: 2.73) and "Everything in the class reminds me of my Arabic language, so I shift directly" (average rating: 2.41) highlight the role of language exposure and environmental cues in shaping language behavior. This passage will explore the integration of clear expectations, equitable participation, adequate language support, defined roles, and feedback within a group work setting, supported by relevant studies. The focus will be on fostering a supportive environment conducive to language learning, addressing peer dynamics, cultural norms, social pressures, and promoting active engagement and experimentation in English. Reflective Critical based on the finding: The dynamics of English language acquisition within collaborative learning environments present unique challenges and opportunities for educators and learners alike. Research by Kalbani, Solabarrieta, and Touq (2018) on Omani students' perceptions of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach underscores the importance of clear expectations and objectives in group activities. This study highlights how students' engagement and language use can be significantly enhanced when they understand the purpose and goals of their tasks. Building on this foundation, it is crucial to address the issues of unequal participation opportunities within group work. Al Sawafi, Al Humaidi, and Al Mekhlafi (2019) point out that equitable participation can be fostered through structured protocols like think-pair-share, ensuring that all students have the chance to contribute, thereby democratizing the learning space. Moreover, the role of adequate language support cannot be overstated. The inquiry-based learning study by an unnamed researcher in 2023 emphasizes that providing scaffolding, such as vocabulary lists and sentence starters, equips students to overcome barriers to effective communication. This is particularly relevant in contexts where students' language proficiency varies widely, as it enables all learners to participate meaningfully in group discussions. The clarity of group roles and responsibilities also plays a pivotal role in facilitating effective group work. Assigning specific roles based on students' strengths and interests encourages active participation and ensures that each member contributes to the group's success. This strategy not only enhances language practice but also builds students' confidence and sense of belonging within the group. Feedback and reflection constitute another critical aspect of the learning process. Zhang and Goh's (2023) investigation into task-based learning in a blended English learning environment demonstrates how student engagement is influenced by the group size and the opportunities for feedback. Incorporating regular feedback loops and reflective practices enables students to introspect on their language use, communication strategies, and collaborative skills, fostering a culture of continuous improvement and growth. The effective implementation of these strategies necessitates a supportive learning environment underscored by strong teacher-student rapport, positive reinforcement, and clear communication. Studies underscore the importance of creating a classroom atmosphere where students feel valued, respected, and motivated to engage in English language activities (Kalbani et al., 2018; Al Sawafi et al., 2019). Furthermore, addressing peer dynamics, cultural norms, and social pressures by promoting inclusive interactions and celebrating linguistic diversity enriches the language learning experience, making it more engaging and meaningful for students. In conclusion, creating an engaging and supportive EFL learning environment requires a holistic approach that combines clear objectives, equitable participation, comprehensive language support, well-defined roles, and reflective feedback mechanisms. By fostering a classroom culture that values positive relationships, inclusivity, and open communication, educators can significantly enhance students' English language proficiency, confidence, and willingness to participate in group work, paving the way for a more enriching and effective language learning experience. This integrated approach not only addresses the immediate challenges of language acquisition but also prepares students for a future where they can confidently use English in diverse social and academic contexts 3-3-2 Recommendations Based on the initial analysis of the questionnaire, students tend to switch to Arabic during group work due to a lack of confidence and support in using English. To address this issue, teachers may consider implementing strategies that actively promote English language use, provide scaffolding and support for students, and create a classroom culture that values linguistic diversity and encourages risk-taking. Additionally, interventions targeting peer interactions and cultural perceptions could help create a more inclusive and supportive language learning environment. By implementing IBL and TBL activities, students may be able to improve their speaking skills and gain confidence in using English. 3-3-3Critical analysis of the findings: Answering question number2 (how i can utilizing IBL and TBL to promote speaking skills for grade 6? IBL and TBL activities were not randomly selected: Based on studies, published between 2018 and 2024, reflect the latest research efforts in EFL education. They focus on speaking skills, task-based learning, and inquiry-based learning methodologies. They provide a mix of theoretical insights, practical applications, and explorations of challenges educators and learners face, which could significantly contribute to the research on promoting speaking skills among EFL learners in the Omani context or similar settings. Efficacy of Task-Based and Inquiry-Based Methodologies: Studies demonstrating the potential of TBL and IBL in fostering engagement, critical thinking, and learner autonomy suggest that well-designed tasks and inquiries are key to enhancing speaking proficiency (Shehata, 2023). However, the success of these methodologies' hinges on their relevance to the students’ cultural context and communication needs, pointing to the importance of localized curriculum development (Zhang & Goh, 2023). Reflecting critically on the selected studies and linking their insights to the research on implementing Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) to enhance speaking skills among EFL learners, especially within the Omani context, reveals several key themes and considerations: Integration of Communicative Approaches: The positive reception of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) methodologies among Omani students and teachers underscores the shift towards prioritizing communication in language learning, a fundamental aspect of your research focus (Kalbani, Solabarrieta, & Touq, 2018). This approach aligns with the aim to enhance speaking skills through TBL and IBL, though it also highlights the necessity for adaptable strategies to overcome resource limitations and proficiency variances (Sawafi, Humaidi, & Mekhlafi, 2019). Challenges in Implementation: The implementation of TBL and IBL methodologies faces obstacles such as large class sizes, technological barriers, and varying teacher readiness, necessitating innovative solutions and teacher training for effective adoption (شمس محمد عبدالله, 2022). The pandemic-induced shift towards online and blended learning further emphasizes the role of digital literacy in language education (Naqvi & Zehra, 2021). Student Engagement and Group Dynamics: The impact of student group sizes on engagement in TBL activities within blended learning environments highlights the need to consider social dynamics and learner differences in designing speaking activities (Zhang & Goh, 2023). Optimizing group composition may enhance interaction and feedback quality, essential for speaking skill development. Reflection and Adaptation: The collective insights from these studies advocate for continuous reflection and adaptation in the TBL and IBL implementation process. Regularly assessing student progress and adapting methodologies based on feedback and changing needs are crucial for the effective enhancement of speaking skills (Radwan, 2023). 3-3-4 Conclusion: The integration of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) and Task-Based Learning (TBL) methodologies in Omani English teaching practices marks a significant evolution towards fostering a more interactive, engaging, and student-centered learning environment. The shift towards these pedagogical approaches reflects a nuanced understanding of the benefits of active learning strategies in enhancing language proficiency among students. Omani English teachers, by adopting IBL and TBL, are pivoting away from traditional lecture-based instruction to a model that encourages exploration, critical thinking, and practical application of language skills. Inquiry-Based Learning in the Omani context empowers students to take the lead in their learning journey. Teachers act as facilitators, guiding students through questions and encouraging exploration that extends beyond the confines of textbooks (Al-Khamisi & Sinha, 2022). This method aligns with the natural curiosity of learners, fostering a sense of ownership over their learning process. Through IBL, English teachers in Oman can cultivate a classroom atmosphere where students feel motivated to investigate and discuss various linguistic and cultural aspects related to the English language. The critical reflection on studies like those conducted by Zhang and Goh (2023) highlights the importance of aligning tasks with students' interests and capabilities, thus enhancing engagement and the effectiveness of the learning process. Task-Based Learning emphasizes the completion of meaningful tasks that simulate real-life language use. This approach, as demonstrated in various educational settings in Oman, shifts the focus from form to function, allowing students to apply language in practical contexts (Zhang & Goh, 2023). TBL facilitates the acquisition of language through interaction, negotiation of meaning, and completion of tasks, thereby mirroring the natural language learning process. The adaptability of tasks, as mentioned in the literature, suggests that TBL can be tailored to cater to the diverse needs and proficiency levels of students, ensuring inclusivity and differentiation in teaching practices. The effectiveness of these methodologies in the Omani EFL context is contingent upon several factors, including class size, the richness and timeliness of tasks, and the level of teacher facilitation. Studies have underscored the significance of smaller class sizes in enhancing the efficacy of TBL and IBL, as they allow for more personalized feedback and greater opportunities for student participation (Zhang & Goh, 2023). Moreover, the design and implementation of tasks play a critical role in stimulating students' interest and engagement. Tasks that are rich in content, timely, and accurately reflect the learning objectives can significantly impact students' motivation and the overall learning outcome. In conclusion, the utilization of IBL and TBL by Omani English teachers signifies a progressive step towards enriching the language learning experience. By fostering an environment that values inquiry, exploration, and practical application, these methodologies contribute to the development of communicative competence and critical thinking skills among learners. However, the successful integration of IBL and TBL requires mindful consideration of classroom dynamics, task design, and the pedagogical readiness of teachers to adapt to the demands of these learner-centered approaches. With the insights gained from integrating Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) and Task-Based Learning (TBL) in Omani EFL teaching practices, and considering the critical factors for their successful implementation, your next steps could involve a few strategic actions: Evaluate and Reflect: Reflect on your current teaching practices to identify areas where IBL and TBL methodologies can be more effectively integrated. Consider how well your teaching aligns with the principles of these approaches and where adjustments can be made to improve student engagement and learning outcomes.( APPENDIX 3) Professional Development: Engage in professional development opportunities that focus on IBL and TBL methodologies. This could include workshops, online courses, or collaborative study groups with colleagues. The aim is to deepen your understanding of these approaches and learn from the experiences of other educators.(APPENDIX 4) Curriculum Design: Based on your reflections and new learnings, start revising your curriculum or lesson plans to incorporate IBL and TBL more effectively. This might involve designing new tasks, creating more opportunities for inquiry, and ensuring that activities are aligned with students' interests and language proficiency levels. Pilot and Implement Changes: Implement the revised curriculum or lesson plans in your classroom. Start with a few lessons or a unit where you feel IBL and TBL can make a significant impact. Monitor the implementation closely to identify what works well and where further adjustments are needed.(APPENDIX 4) Gather Feedback: Collect feedback from your students on their learning experiences with the revised approach. This can provide valuable insights into their engagement, challenges they faced, and suggestions for improvement.(APPENDIX 5) Assessment and Adaptation: Assess the impact of integrating IBL and TBL on student learning outcomes. Use both formative and summative assessment methods to gauge students' progress. Based on the assessment results and feedback, make necessary adaptations to your teaching practices. 3-3-2 Second-Draft Questionnaire: Share and Collaborate: Share your experiences, challenges, and successes with colleagues. Collaboration can lead to shared learning and innovation in teaching practices. Consider presenting your findings at teacher meetings, conferences, or through publications to contribute to the broader educational community. Continuous Improvement: View the integration of IBL and TBL as an ongoing journey of improvement. Stay open to new ideas, continue seeking professional development opportunities, and remain responsive to the evolving needs of your students. By following these steps, you can systematically enhance your teaching practices, making your English language teaching more interactive, engaging, and effective for your students. References: Baiju, R. S. (2010). Vygotsky's sociocultural theory and language learning. Journal of Social Sciences, 23(3), 187-193. Fatkhriyah, E., & Riwayati, E. (2019). The Effectiveness of Inquiry-Based Learning in Improving Students’ Speaking Skill. Journal of English Language and Education, 5(2), 101-115. Nekoueizadeh, M. (2014). A review of Krashen's input hypothesis and the related studies. International Journal of Language Learning and Applied Linguistics World, 5(3), 28-35. Nita, T., Rozimela, Y., & Ratmanida, M. (2020). The Implementation of Pedagogical Approaches in Developing Speaking Skill for EFL Students. Journal of English Language and Education, 6(1), 1-14. Zhou, H. (2016). Task-based language teaching and English-speaking proficiency. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 6(2), 226-230. Kalbani, M.S., Solabarrieta, J., & Touq, A.B. (2018). Omani Students’ Perceptive of Communicative Language Teaching Approach in Higher Education in Oman: Its Practice. Proceedings. Al-Marsafy, D.A., Lotfy, D.N., & Abd.El-wahab Mehrez, Y.S. (2023). Utilizing Inquiry-based Learning to enhance Faculty of Specific Education Prospective Teachers’ Speaking Fluency. مجلة دراسات وبحوث التربية النوعية. Sawafi, A.A., Humaidi, S.A., & Mekhlafi, A.M. (2019). EFL Teachers’ Awareness, Practices and Challenges of Teaching English Communicatively in Oman Post Basic Education Schools. Studies in English Language Teaching. Shehata, M.G. (2023). Developing IT Students' EFL Functional Writing and Attitude Through Task-Based Learning. Sohag University International Journal of Educational Research. Zhang, S., & Goh, Y.S. (2023). Student Number Size as Moderator in Affecting the Four Factors of Students’ Perceived Engagement in Task-based Learning under Blended English Learning Environment. International Journal of Education & Technology. Doe, J. (2020). The effectiveness of task-based learning on language proficiency in EFL contexts. Journal of Language Teaching. Adams, R., & Wilson, H. (2022). Inquiry-based learning in language education: Fostering critical thinking and engagement. Educational Researcher. Kumar, S. (2019). Promoting speaking skills in EFL classrooms: The role of task-based and inquiry-based learning approaches. Language Learning Journal. 1-Al-Khamisi, K. M., & Sinha, Y. K. (2022). Communicative Lan guage Teaching Methodologies in Omani EFL Context. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 12, 481-503. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojml.2022.124035 Lee, M. (2021). Implementing TBL and IBL in the EFL classroom: Strategies and outcomes. Teaching English as a Second Language Quarterly. Smith, L., & Johnson, M. (2021). A comparative study of task-based vs. traditional teaching methods in an EFL setting. International Journal of Language Education >"

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Police in Papua New Guinea have launched a rescue mission after a group of foreign citizens and local guides were taken hostage by armed criminals in a remote region of the country, police said in a statement Monday. Among those being held for ransom is an Australian academic, CNN affiliates Nine News and Seven News reported, citing Papua New Guinea Prime Minister James Marape